BPSC TRE Previous Question Paper Quiz
विद्यालय अध्यापक परीक्षा के पूछे गए प्रश्न
For Class (1-5), (6-8), (9-10), (11-12)
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#1. Which perspective is often referred to as the ‘third force’ in psychology and focusses on a person’s freedom of choice in determining his behaviour?
Explanation: The ‘third force’ is humanistic psychology, which is not listed among the given options.
#2. Experimental research and quasi-experimental research can be distinguished on the basis of
Explanation: Random assignment is the key feature distinguishing true experiments from quasi-experiments.
#3. Who introduced the hierarchical network of semantic memory?
Explanation: Collins and Quillian proposed the hierarchical network model of semantic memory.
#4. Which of the following is not a group test of intelligence?
Explanation: All listed tests (Otis-Lennon, Cognitive Abilities, Henmon-Nelson) are group-administered intelligence tests.
#5. Cattell’s culture fair intelligence test (CFIT) is presumed to measure
Explanation: The CFIT is designed to measure fluid intelligence by minimizing cultural and linguistic influences.
#6. A psychologist develops a new test of numerical ability. He correlates this test’s scores of the students with the marks obtained by them in mathematics in their examination held recently. The correlation is quite high. This indicates
Explanation: A high correlation with future math exam marks demonstrates the test’s predictive validity.
#7. Match List-I (Attitude scaling technique) with List-II (Feature): a. Equal appearing interval, b. Paired comparison, c. Scalogram, d. Summated rating | 1. Checks unidimensionally of the scale, 2. Employs Z as a measure of scale value, 3. Can assess multidimensional attitudes, 4. Suitable for scaling large number of items
Explanation: The correct matching is: Equal-appearing interval (Thurstone) uses Z-scores (2), Paired comparison is for many items (4), Scalogram checks unidimensionality (1), and Summated rating (Likert) can assess multiple dimensions (3).
#8. Which one of the following is not a ‘trait theory’ of personality proposed through factor analysis?
Explanation: All listed theories (Eysenck, Cattell, McCrae & Costa) are major trait theories derived from factor analysis.
#9. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) is mainly indexing
Explanation: The TTCT primarily assesses divergent thinking and creative thought processes.
#10. Which one of the following phenomena demonstrates that subject takes longer time to recognize emotionally charged words when compared to neutral stimulus words?
Explanation: Perceptual defense involves a subconscious delay in recognizing threatening or emotional stimuli.
#11. According to Noam Chomsky, what is a language acquisition device?
Explanation: Chomsky proposed the LAD as an innate, biological brain mechanism for language learning.
#12. Which of the following are the methods of solving problems? 1. Trial and error, 2. Mental set, 3. Algorithm, 4. Heuristics, 5. Functional fixedness
Explanation: Trial and error, algorithms, and heuristics are established problem-solving methods.
#13. A person’s chronological age is 20 years and mental age is 16 years. What would be his IQ?
Explanation: Using the formula (Mental Age / Chronological Age) * 100, (16/20)*100 = 80.
#14. Arjun gets annoyed when his mother nags him to do his homework. When he finally does it, his mother stops nagging. Now he does the homework without ‘nagging’. Here ‘nagging’ has served as a
Explanation: Nagging acts as an aversive stimulus, and its removal when homework is done strengthens the behavior, making it negative reinforcement.
#15. People vary in their perceptual-cognitive styles which may be due to: 1. the degree to which their perceptions are flexible, 2. aspects of their personality, 3. rigid belief, 4. field dependence or independence, 5. motives
Explanation: Multiple factors, including perception flexibility, personality, beliefs, field dependence/independence, and motives, can influence perceptual-cognitive styles.
#16. Match List-I (Phenomenon) with List-II (Description): a. Thought, b. Concept, c. Prototype, d. Categorization | 1. Properties that best exemplify the concept, 2. Process of assigning an object to a concept (class), 3. Language of the mind, 4. Represents an entire class
Explanation: Thought is the language of the mind (3), a Concept represents a class (4), a Prototype has best-exemplifying properties (1), and Categorization is the process of assignment (2).
#17. Which theory focusses on the distinction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation?
Explanation: Self-determination theory centrally addresses the distinction and interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
#18. If you begin with a problem and come up with many different solutions in mind, you are using ____, which is a form of creative thinking; contrarily sometimes you come up with correct solution by using ____ thinking.
Explanation: The correct terms are divergent thinking (for many solutions) and convergent thinking (for a single correct solution).
#19. Humanistic therapies are different from psychoanalysis because the humanistic therapies
Explanation: Humanistic therapy emphasizes conscious experience and present behavior, unlike psychoanalysis which focuses on the unconscious.
#20. Which one of the following tools measures the applicant’s level of knowledge and skill in a particular job in which he will be appointed?
Explanation: Achievement tests are designed to measure current knowledge and skill proficiency in a specific area.
#21. Match List-I (Description) with List-II (Nomenclature): a. Number of new cases that occurs over a given period of time, b. Study of distribution of diseases or health-related behaviours in a given population, c. Number of active cases in a population in a given period of time, d. A group or cluster of symptoms that occurs together | 1. Epidemiology, 2. Syndrome, 3. Incidence, 4. Prevalence
Explanation: Incidence is new cases (a-3), Epidemiology is the study of distribution (b-1), Prevalence is active cases (c-4), and Syndrome is a symptom cluster (d-2).
#22. For a successful ‘person-centered therapy’, which of the following will not be a core condition?
Explanation: Rogers’ core conditions are congruence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard; insight is a potential outcome, not a core condition.
#23. Dr. Kumar, a clinical psychologist, usually offers deep relaxation to his phobic patients. Further, he guides them to categorize their apprehensions from least to most anxiety provoking ones. Finally, he gradually unfolds the fear one by one and helps the patients gain control of their worries. His therapeutic approach is best known as
Explanation: The described process of relaxation, hierarchy creation, and gradual exposure is the hallmark of systematic desensitization.
#24. Hypochondriasis is classified under which disorder as per DSM-IV?
Explanation: In DSM-IV, hypochondriasis was classified under “Anxiety Disorders” as a somatoform disorder related to health anxiety.
#25. Match List-I (Type of research) with List-II (Characteristic): a. Fundamental research, b. Applied research, c. Analytical research, d. Empirical research | 1. Solution of immediate problem, 2. Critical evaluation and exploration of present material, 3. Relies on experience and observation alone, 4. Processes that are universal
Explanation: Fundamental research studies universal processes (a-4), Applied research solves immediate problems (b-1), Analytical research involves critical evaluation (c-2), and Empirical research relies on observation (d-3).
#26. Sachin is a type of person who constantly strives for excellence. He feels intense satisfaction when he is able to master a new task. Sachin most likely has a high need for
Explanation: The description aligns with characteristics of a high need for achievement.
#27. Which of the following psychologists first empirically established that social stresses distort physical health?
Explanation: Holmes and Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, empirically linking life stressors to illness.
#28. What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
Explanation: A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when an expectation leads to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true.
#29. Which of the following statements regarding depression in old age is true?
Explanation: Depression in the elderly is often underdiagnosed as symptoms are attributed to aging or other illnesses.
#30. Which one is not considered the characteristics of social change?
Explanation: Social change is universal and inevitable, but its pace is irregular and variable, not regular.
#31. In which stage of sleep, brain waves have a fast frequency and low amplitude that are very similar to beta waves occur when you are wide awake and alert?
Explanation: REM sleep is characterized by beta-like, high-frequency, low-amplitude brain waves similar to an alert, awake state.
#32. The so-called ‘Hawthorne effect’ refers to which group-related phenomenon?
Explanation: The Hawthorne effect is the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior in response to being observed.
#33. The education of learners from ‘disadvantaged’ and ‘deprived’ background can get negatively influenced by which of the following factors? 1. Stereotypes, 2. Lack of understanding of local knowledge systems, 3. Top-down curriculum, 4. Curriculum based on local culture and language
Explanation: Stereotypes, ignoring local knowledge, and imposing a top-down curriculum can negatively impact learners from disadvantaged backgrounds.
#34. Who used the concept of relative deprivation for the first time?
Explanation: The concept is often attributed to sociologists like Samuel Stouffer, not the options listed.
#35. In order to provide education to children from the background of disadvantaged, the teacher should
Explanation: Effective strategies include understanding students’ backgrounds, inclusive participation, and providing appropriate challenges and support.
#36. Which one of the following factors does not promote National Integration?
Explanation: All listed factors—constitutional provisions, government initiatives, and national symbols—generally promote national integration.
#37. Neelu and Shelu both work in sales and receive performance reviews on a regular basis. Neelu loves these reviews because it makes her a better sales agent. Shelu, on the other hand, does not like to receive negative feedback because it hurts her self-esteem and makes her anxious. Who would be considered more achievement motivated and why?
Explanation: Neelu, who welcomes feedback for improvement, displays higher achievement motivation compared to Shelu, who is deterred by it.
#38. Which one of the following is not a challenge for the entrepreneur?
Explanation: All listed items—cash flow management, recruitment, and product selection—are common challenges for entrepreneurs.
#39. Which one of the following statements is false?
Explanation: Altered states can be achieved through various means like meditation, hypnosis, sleep, and sensory deprivation, not just drugs.
#40. Who is considered as the father of entrepreneurship?
Explanation: Joseph Schumpeter is widely regarded as a foundational theorist in entrepreneurship studies.
#41. Psychology is said to be the scientific study of ____ and ____.
Explanation: The most widely accepted modern definition of psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
#42. Who started the scientific study of creativity?
Explanation: J.P. Guilford’s 1950 APA presidential address is often cited as formally initiating the scientific study of creativity.
#43. “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychological systems that determine his unique adjustment to the environment.” Who gave this definition?
Explanation: Gordon Allport provided this classic definition of personality.
#44. The perception of the stimulus that is below the threshold for conscious experience is termed as
Explanation: The perception below the conscious threshold is termed “subliminal perception,” which is not listed.
#45. Who has put forth the theory of social learning?
Explanation: Albert Bandura is the primary proponent of social learning theory.
#46. After the general election in a country, a social psychologist interviewed 200 voters to study their attitudes towards the winning party. This is an example of
Explanation: The study describes observing and measuring variables without manipulation, which is a correlational design.
#47. In reasoning, when the promises are true, ____ cannot be false.
Explanation: In a deductively valid argument, if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.
#48. Understanding about one’s own use of language systematically is referred to as
Explanation: Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to think about and reflect on the nature and use of language itself.
#49. When information currently being learned adversely affects the retention of information acquired previously, the phenomenon is referred to as
Explanation: Retroactive interference occurs when new learning disrupts the recall of older information.
#50. Annual or semi-annual ratings of each employee’s performance, coupled with feedback about the ratings they receive are referred to as
Explanation: Performance appraisals are the periodic review and feedback process for employee performance.
#51. The way in which a child’s efforts to master a new or challenging task is supported in a flexible and contingent way by teachers, parents or more competent persons, is called
Explanation: Scaffolding is Vygotsky’s concept of providing adjustable support to facilitate learning within the zone of proximal development.
#52. Which one of the following theories predicts that work motivation will be low if an employee perceives that an increased effort will have little or no effect on his/her performance?
Explanation: Expectancy theory states motivation is low if the effort-performance link (expectancy) is weak.
#53. Arrange the following tests in increasing order of their saturation on projective criteria : 1. Thematic apperception test 2. Differential aptitude test 3. Rorschach inkblot test 4. Incomplete sentence blank test
Explanation: Projective saturation increases from structured tests (Differential Aptitude) to unstructured ones (Rorschach, TAT, Incomplete Sentences).
#54. Which of the following are the characteristics of Cattell’s culture fair intelligence test? 1. Speed 2. Power 3. Non-verbal 4. Performance
Explanation: The CFIT is a speed and power test that uses non-verbal tasks to minimize cultural bias.
#55. Which of the following components have been proposed by Torrance? 1. Divergent thinking 2. Elaboration 3. Transformation 4. Flexibility
Explanation: Torrance identified components like elaboration and flexibility within his broader model of creative thinking.
#56. Training and development offer competitive advantage to a firm by 1. removing performance deficiency 2. minimizing accidents and damage 3. making employees stay long 4. meeting employees personal needs
Explanation: All the listed outcomes can contribute to a firm’s competitive advantage through effective training.
#57. Which of the following sequences is correct?
Explanation: This is Freud’s correct psychosexual stage sequence.
#58. Which of the following are not identified by Thurstone? 1. Induction 2. Spatial 3. Symbolic 4. Semantic
Explanation: Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities included inductive reasoning and spatial visualization, but the question is about what he did not identify, which is ambiguous; the items listed are generally related to his work.
#59. Failure to develop consistent identity results in
Explanation: In Erikson’s theory, role confusion is the outcome of the identity vs. role confusion crisis in adolescence.
#60. The maximum role of McClelland contribution is in
Explanation: David McClelland is most renowned for his work on the need for achievement (nAch).
#61. According to Freud, in which stage of development does the Oedipus Complex take place?
Explanation: The Oedipus Complex is a central conflict of Freud’s phallic stage (ages 3-6).
#62. The maximum frequency of nerve impulse in human being is
Explanation: The maximum firing rate for human neurons is often cited as around 800-1000 Hz, but 400-600 Hz are also plausible for different neurons; thus, multiple figures can be correct.
#63. Four important elements in the theory of signal detection are
Explanation: These four outcomes form the foundation of Signal Detection Theory’s decision matrix.
#64. Where the interviewer cannot change the material of interview, is
Explanation: A standardized interview uses a fixed set of questions asked in a prescribed order, with no deviation.
#65. Hypothalamus is
Explanation: The hypothalamus regulates all these functions: sleep-wake cycles, hunger, thirst, and body temperature.
#66. Which of the following is correctly arranged?
Explanation: The standard sequence of memory processes is encoding information, storing it, and later retrieving it.
#67. The development of self-esteem occurs
Explanation: Self-esteem is linked to higher-level psychological needs like belonging and esteem, which are affective in nature.
#68. When parallel lines seem to be converging as they recede into distance is called
Explanation: Linear perspective is the monocular depth cue where parallel lines appear to converge in the distance.
#69. Suppose in an experiment, Stimulus 1 (S1) is food, response for S1 is salivation (R1); Stimulus 2 (S2) is bell, response for S2 is listening (R2); classical conditioning will relate
Explanation: In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus (bell, S2) becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus (food, S1) to eventually elicit the unconditioned response (salivation, R1), but the process links the US (S1) to the CR.
#70. The latent learning can be best described as
Explanation: Latent learning occurs without immediate reinforcement and is only demonstrated behaviorally when needed.
#71. Which of the following is important in dealing with stress?
Explanation: The stress response involves the sympathetic nervous system, pituitary gland (HPA axis), and adrenal glands (releasing cortisol and adrenaline).
#72. Which of the following is not an example of human reflex actions?
Explanation: Knee-jerk, blinking, and ankle-jerk are all classic examples of simple human reflex arcs.
#73. Memory can be distorted by being influenced by the individual’s expectations rather than what has actually happened. This is termed as
Explanation: The mood-congruence effect refers to better recall of information that matches one’s current mood, which can distort memory based on expectations.
#74. Who among the following is credited with developing logo-therapy?
Explanation: Viktor Frankl developed logotherapy, a form of existential analysis focusing on the search for meaning.
#75. Speed and power tests cannot be differentiated on the basis of 1. time limit 2. verbal content 3. non-verbal content 4. difficulty level
Explanation: Speed and power tests are distinguished by time limits and item difficulty, not by whether they use verbal or non-verbal content.
#76. According to ____ theory, thoughts and feelings change because people are motivated to justify emotions that would otherwise seem hypothetical. This theory was proposed by ____.
Explanation: Leon Festinger proposed cognitive dissonance theory, which explains attitude change due to psychological discomfort from inconsistency.
#77. Match List-I (Charismatic leader: a. Personal risk, b. Environmental sensitivity, c. Sensitivity to follower needs, d. Unconventional behaviour) with List-II (Characteristic: 1. Engages in behaviours that are perceived as novel and counter to norms, 2. Willing to take on high personal risk, incur high costs and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve the vision, 3. Able to make a realistic assessment of the environmental constraints and resources needed to bring about change, 4. Perceptive of others’ abilities and responsive to their needs and feeling)
Explanation: Personal risk matches self-sacrifice (2), Environmental sensitivity matches realistic assessment (3), Sensitivity to follower needs matches perceptiveness (4), Unconventional behaviour matches novel actions (1).
#78. The factors that influence social behaviour and thoughts in certain ways are called
Explanation: In an experiment, independent variables are the factors manipulated or selected to influence the dependent variable (behavior/thoughts).
#79. Reema had written a list to do her weekend work, but incidently left it at home while going out for her first activity. Trying to remember the list, Reema remembers what was at the beginning and at the end of the list but was not able to recall the middle portion of the list. This is an example of
Explanation: Better recall for items at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of a list is known as the serial position effect.
#80. In Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives, which of the following appears in ascending order?
Explanation: This is part of the correct ascending order of Bloom’s revised taxonomy: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create.
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