BPSC TRE Previous Question Paper Quiz
विद्यालय अध्यापक परीक्षा के पूछे गए प्रश्न
For Class (1-5), (6-8), (9-10), (11-12)
Results
#1. Who has given the concept of ‘pure sociology’?
Explanation: Lester F. Ward is credited with developing the concept of ‘pure sociology’ as a theoretical science.
#2. Who said, “The science of human society is yet in its extreme infancy”?
Explanation: The statement is attributed to sociologist Morris Ginsberg.
#3. Who named ‘pilot survey’ as ‘a small replica of the main survey’?
Explanation: C. A. Moser described a pilot survey as a small-scale replica of the main survey.
#4. Society is characterized by
Explanation: A society is fundamentally defined by shared norms, values, and cultural practices among its members.
#5. First of all who used the word ‘sociometry’?
Explanation: J. L. Moreno is credited with first using the term ‘sociometry‘ to study social relationships.
#6. Who among the following sociologists described three elements of community sentiment—we feeling, role feeling and dependency feeling?
Explanation: MacIver and Page outlined the three elements of community sentiment.
#7. The concept of ‘sense of community’ refers to
Explanation: Sense of community is the subjective feeling of belonging and connection among members.
#8. Who explained, “If we are considering something as an organized group, it is an association; if as a form of procedure, it is an institution”?
Explanation: MacIver and Page distinguished between associations (organized groups) and institutions (forms of procedure).
#9. Who defined that “Competition is the individual and group striving for goals that only one can win”?
Explanation: G. R. Leslie provided this definition of competition as a struggle for exclusive goals.
#10. According to Robert Redfield, what is the term for a community that maintains strong ties to traditional values and practices while interacting with a larger society?
Explanation: Redfield’s folk-urban continuum describes communities balancing tradition with broader societal interaction.
#11. Who developed the concepts of ‘atomistic family’ and ‘domestic family’?
Explanation: C. C. Zimmerman developed the typology of atomistic and domestic families.
#12. In which year was the ‘Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act’ enacted?
Explanation: The Act was enacted in India in 2007.
#13. The concept of ‘voluntary association’ refers to
Explanation: Voluntary associations are typically formal groups formed for specific causes like advocacy.
#14. In 1992, on which date was the ‘World Disability Day’ started by the United Nations to encourage people with disabilities?
Explanation: The UN declared December 3 as International Day of Persons with Disabilities (World Disability Day).
#15. Who said, “Personality is the subjective aspect of culture and, in a sense, every culture has its own characteristic personality”?
Explanation: Ruth Benedict linked personality patterns to culture in her configurationalist approach.
#16. According to Edward T. Hall, what is the term for the unspoken, implicit rules and norms that guide social interactions within a culture?
Explanation: Edward T. Hall used ‘deep culture’ to refer to implicit, unconscious cultural norms.
#17. Who have given the following four differences between civilization and culture?
Explanation: MacIver and Page distinguished between culture (internal) and civilization (external).
#18. Who said, “The total society is the agency for socialization and that each person with whom one comes into contact is in some fashion an agent of socialization”?
Explanation: J. H. Fichter emphasized society and every individual as agents of socialization.
#19. The concept of ‘cultural hegemony’ refers to
Explanation: Cultural hegemony, from Gramsci, describes the ruling class’s cultural dominance.
#20. Who among the following has classified social control into two forms—(i) direct control and (ii) indirect control?
Explanation: E. C. Hayes categorized social control into direct and indirect forms.
#21. Who gave the concept of ‘technological lag’?
Explanation: William Ogburn (often with Nimkoff) developed the concept of cultural lag, including technological aspects.
#22. What is the term ‘social change’ commonly used to describe in sociology?
Explanation: Social change primarily refers to significant transformations in societal structures and institutions.
#23. Who developed the concept of folk-urban continuum?
Explanation: Robert Redfield formulated the folk-urban continuum model.
#24. Who said in explanation of urbanization that “Urbanization is a balloon into which each social scientist blows his own meaning”?
Explanation: T. G. McGee used this metaphor to describe the varied interpretations of urbanization.
#25. The concept of ‘formal social control’ refers to
Explanation: Formal social control involves official mechanisms like laws enforced by institutions.
#26. When was the ‘Human Rights Protection Act’ passed in India?
Explanation: The Protection of Human Rights Act was passed in India in 1993.
#27. Who said, “Love in India, both as regards theory and practice, possess an importance which is impossible for us (Westerners) even to conceive”?
Explanation: This observation about love in India is attributed to Indologist Richard Schmidt.
#28. What is culture shock?
Explanation: Culture shock is the initial disorientation felt upon entering an unfamiliar culture.
#29. Who is the author of the book, Integration of Indian States?
Explanation: V. P. Menon wrote “The Story of the Integration of the Indian States.”
#30. Who said, “Hindu marriage is a sacrament. It is considered sacred because it is said to be complete only on the performance of the sacred rites accompanied by the sacred formulas”?
Explanation: Sociologist P. H. Prabhu described Hindu marriage as a sacrament based on sacred rites
#31. Which sociologist introduced the concepts of ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ assimilation?
Explanation: Milton Gordon distinguished between primary (intimate) and secondary (public) assimilation.
#32. Who said this regarding kinship that “it is the rod on which one leans throughout life”?
Explanation: Charles Winick used this metaphor to describe kinship’s lifelong supportive role.
#33. Who mentioned three main characteristics of caste—(i) hereditary membership, (ii) endogamy and (iii) norms governing social interactions?
Explanation: N. K. Dutta outlined these key features of the caste system.
#34. What is the term used to describe the process of revitalizing and transforming underutilized or deteriorated urban areas into vibrant and functional spaces?
Explanation: Urban renewal involves redeveloping distressed urban areas.
#35. Who said, “The characteristic of caste system is ‘commutative inequality’ but the characteristic of class system is ‘dispersed inequality’?
Explanation: Harold Gould contrasted caste’s reciprocal inequality with class’s scattered inequality.
#36. Who has mentioned seven criteria of class—(i) wealth, property or income, (ii) family or kinship, (iii) location of residence, (iv) duration of residence, (v) occupation, (vi) education and (vii) religion?
Explanation: Sociologist Egan Bergel listed these seven criteria for class determination.
#37. What is the concept of ‘social metabolism’ in social ecology?
Explanation: Social metabolism examines how societies metabolize energy and materials.
#38. Which Act provides the legal framework for controlling drug abuse and illicit drug trafficking in India?
Explanation: The NDPS Act, 1985 is the primary law against drug abuse and trafficking in India.
#39. By which constitutional amendment, women were given thirty-three percent reservation in the Panchayati Raj Institutions?
Explanation: The 73rd Constitutional Amendment (1992) mandated 33% reservation for women in Panchayati Raj.
#40. The famous ‘Hornbill Festival’ is celebrated annually in which State of India?
Explanation: The Hornbill Festival is a major cultural event held annually in Nagaland.
#41. When was the ‘Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Yojana’ started to provide self-employment to unemployed youth and women?
Explanation: The Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Yojana (PMRY) was launched in 1993.
#42. When was the ‘Integrated Child Development Scheme’ started by the Government?
Explanation: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was launched in 1975.
#43. Which tribal community in India practices the tradition of ‘Ghotul’ where young boys and girls live together in a dormitory?
Explanation: The Muria Gond tribe is known for the ‘Ghotul‘ dormitory tradition.
#44. Who wrote the book, Sex, Gender and Society?
Explanation: Ann Oakley is the sociologist who authored Sex, Gender and Society, a key feminist text.
#45. Who defined, “Religion is a mode of action as well as a system of belief and a sociological phenomena as well as a personal experience”?
Explanation: The definition is attributed to anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski, who emphasized religion’s functional aspects.
#46. In the system of kinship terminology known as ‘Dravidian Kinship’, what term is used to refer to a father’s sister?
Explanation: In Dravidian kinship systems, such as in Tamil, “Athai” is the term for father’s sister.
#47. Who stated that “to kill national enemies in a ‘Dharma Yuddha’ is also a part of ‘Dharma’”?
Explanation: This view is associated with P. V. Kane, the renowned Indologist and scholar of Dharmashastra.
#48. Who described six dimensions of communalism—(i) assimilationist, (ii) welfarist, (iii) retreatist, (iv) retaliatory, (v) separatist and (vi) secessionist?
Explanation: Sociologist T. K. Oommen developed this typology to analyze different forms of communalism in India.
#49. Which famous sociologist wrote the book, Caste in Modern India that explores the persistence and changes in the caste system in contemporary India?
Explanation: M. N. Srinivas authored Caste in Modern India and introduced key concepts like Sanskritization.
#50. Who among the following developed his theory of ‘religion’ on the basis of ‘religio-sacred perspective’?
Explanation: Émile Durkheim’s theory of religion is based on the sacred-profane dichotomy and collective consciousness.
#51. Who has called kinship system the ‘initial structure’ or ‘kinship molecule’ of the whole human society?
Explanation: Claude Lévi-Strauss viewed kinship systems as fundamental building blocks of social structure.
#52. Which social reformer and writer authored the book, Gulamgiri that criticized the caste system and advocated for the rights of Dalits in India?
Explanation: Jyotirao Phule, also known as Mahatma Phule, wrote Gulamgiri (Slavery) as a critique of caste oppression.
#53. On the basis of empirical study of Australian tribes, who developed the exchange theory?
Explanation: Bronisław Malinowski developed exchange theory based on his study of the Kula ring in the Trobriand Islands.
#54. Who used the word ‘Backward Hindu’ for Scheduled Tribes?
Explanation: G. S. Ghurye referred to tribes as “Backward Hindus” in his assimilationist perspective on Indian tribes.
#55. Which sociologist introduced the concept of ‘Sanskritization’ to describe the process by which lower castes emulate the practices and rituals of higher castes to improve their social status?
Explanation: M. N. Srinivas coined the term “Sanskritization” to describe this process of social mobility.
#56. When was the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes established?
Explanation: The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes was established in 2004 through the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act.
#57. Who among the following contributed the term ‘alliance theory’?
Explanation: Claude Lévi-Strauss developed alliance theory, emphasizing marriage exchange systems.
#58. Who introduced the concept of ‘subalternity’ to analyze the social and political position of marginalized groups in India?
Explanation: The concept of subalternity is central to the Subaltern Studies collective, prominently associated with Ranajit Guha and Gayatri Spivak, drawing from Gramsci.
#59. When is the ‘World Day Against Child Labour’ celebrated?
Explanation: The World Day Against Child Labour is observed annually on June 12th.
#60. When did the ‘Prevention of Corruption Act’ come into force?
Explanation: The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 came into force on September 9, 1988.
#61. Who is the author of the book, Mistaken Modernity: India Between Worlds?
Explanation: Sociologist Dipankar Gupta is the author of Mistaken Modernity: India Between Worlds.
#62. Who defined, “Alcoholism is the effect of excessive intake of alcohol on the functioning of the body and personality”?
Explanation: E. M. Jellinek was a pioneering researcher in the study of alcoholism and proposed influential definitions.
#63. Who among the following has described that “The desire to save is the cause of unemployment”?
Explanation: This statement reflects John Maynard Keynes’s argument in his general theory linking savings paradox to unemployment.
#64. The phenomenon of ‘urban heat island effect’ refers to
Explanation: The urban heat island effect specifically refers to urban areas being significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas due to human activities and surfaces.
#65. Who said that “Indian society ceased to be closed without being open”?
Explanation: Sociologist Yogendra Singh used this phrase to describe the transitional and paradoxical nature of Indian society.
#66. Who said, “The term ‘secularization’ implies that what was previously regarded as religious is now ceasing to be such”?
Explanation: M. N. Srinivas offered this concise definition of the secularization process.
#67. The process of ‘suburbanization’ in India refers to
Explanation: Suburbanization typically involves the outward growth of cities, transforming peri-urban or agricultural land into residential suburbs
#68. Who termed the ‘agricultural class’ as the essence of ‘backward class’?
Explanation: Kaka Kalelkar, the first chairman of the Backward Classes Commission, emphasized the link between agriculture and backwardness.
#69. By which Amendment of the Indian Constitution, the National Commission for Backward Classes was given constitutional status?
Explanation: The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018 granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes.
#70. The term ‘urban-rural continuum’ refers to
Explanation: The urban-rural continuum concept highlights the gradation and interconnectedness rather than a strict dichotomy.
#71. When was the ‘Venture Capital Fund’ established to promote entrepreneurship among the Scheduled Castes?
Explanation: The Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Castes was launched by the Indian government in 2014-15.
#72. When was the National Commission for Minorities established?
Explanation: The National Commission for Minorities was established by an act of Parliament in 1992.
#73. The phenomenon of ‘urban poverty’ refers to
Explanation: Urban poverty specifically denotes poverty that occurs within urban settings, often characterized by slums and informal economies.
#74. Who stated that “Social psychology serves as a bridge between psychology and sociology”?
Explanation: Sociologist Robert Bierstedt is credited with describing social psychology as a bridging discipline.
#75. Who said, “Scientific attitude is originated in an individual due to three factors—curiosity, fertile imagination and love for experimental inquiry”?
Explanation: George Lundberg, a prominent sociologist of science, outlined these components of the scientific attitude.
#76. The Panchayati Raj is a system of local self-government that was introduced in India through which Amendment of the Constitution?
Explanation: The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 provided constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions.
#77. Who was the first person to work out a systematic interpretation of cooperation?
Explanation: British sociologist L. T. Hobhouse is noted for his systematic analysis of cooperation as a social process.
#78. Who among the following believed that “conflict is an ever-present process in human relations”?
Explanation: Both Lewis Coser (conflict functionalism) and Ralf Dahrendorf (dialectical conflict theory) viewed conflict as a pervasive social process.
#79. Which Committee/Commission was responsible for recommending the establishment of the Panchayati Raj System in India?
Explanation: The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) is credited with recommending the three-tier Panchayati Raj system.
#80. Who defined, “Assimilation is a social process through which two or more persons or groups accept and perform one another’s patterns of behaviour”?
Explanation: Sociologists John Lewis Gillin and John Philip Gillin provided this definition of assimilation.
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